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Petrochemical Applications
Refractory and Petrochemical Installations A wide variety of industries rely on furnaces and boilers for manufacturing processes, but the refractory linings for furnaces, boilers, kilns, incinerators, crackers and reactors are prone to degeneration and loss of performance. With a thermal imaging camera damaged refractory material and the corresponding heat loss can be easily located, as the heat transmission will show up clearly on a thermal image. Thermal imaging cameras are widely used in the petrochemical sector. They provide rapid, accurate diagnosis for furnace maintenance, refractory loss management and condenser fin diagnosis. Heat exchangers can be checked to detect blocked pipes. Furnace and boiler equipment is also prone to failures from a variety of other mechanisms. These include coking that plugs the inside of tubes and impedes product flow, slag build-up on the outside of tubes, under and overheating, flame impingement on tubes due to burner misalignment, and product leaks that ignite and cause serious damage to the equipment. To ensure refractory quality of boiler and furnace installations it is not enough to just perform inspections from the outside. The refractory on the inside of the boiler or furnace has to be inspected as well. With conventional methods it is necessary to shut down the installation to be able to inspect the inside. This is extremely costly due to a loss of production during downtime. These losses are not necessary, however, for FLIR Systems also has special thermal imaging cameras that can be used to inspect the inside of the installation during operation. This is possible due to the flame filter FLIR has included in the design of these thermal imaging cameras. Flames emit infrared radiation at different intensities at different wavelengths and at certain wavelengths in the infrared spectrum flames emit hardly any thermal radiation at all. A flame filter uses that fact to enable the thermal imaging camera to ‘see’ through the flames. References: Flir Systems
Related Products
Electrical systems
Thermal imaging cameras are commonly used for inspections of
electrical systems and components in all sizes and shapes.
The multitude of possible applications for thermal imaging cameras
within the range of electrical systems can be divided into two
categories: high voltage and low voltage installations.
High voltage installations
Heat is an important factor in high voltage installations. When electrical
current passes through a resistive element, it generates heat. An
increased resistance results in an increase in heat.
Over time the resistance of electrical connections will increase, due
to loosening and corrosion for instance. The corresponding rise in
temperature can cause components to fail, resulting in unplanned
outages and even injuries. In addition, the energy spent on generating
heat causes unnecessary energy losses. If left unchecked, the heat
can even rise to the point where connections melt and break down; as
a result, fires may break out.
Examples of failures in high-voltage installations that can be detected
with thermal imaging:
• Oxidation of high voltage switches
• Overheated connections •
Incorrectly secured connections
• Insulator defects
These and other issues can be spotted at an early stage with a thermal
imaging camera. A thermal imaging camera will help you to accurately
locate the problem, determine the severity of the problem, and
establish the time frame in which the equipment should be repaired.
A wide view of a substation can quickly show areas where unwanted high
resistance connections exist. No other predictive maintenance technology is
as effective for electrical inspections as thermal imaging.
One of the many advantages of thermal imaging is the ability to perform
inspections while electrical systems are under load. Since thermal imaging
is a non-contact diagnostic method, a thermographer can quickly scan a
particular piece of equipment from a safe distance, leave the hazardous
area, return to his office and analyze the data without ever putting himself
in harm’s way.
Thermal imaging cameras allow you to inspect high voltage installations
from a safe distance, increasing worker safety.
Continuity is very important to utilities since many people rely on their
services. Therefore thermal imaging inspections have become the core of
utility predictive maintenance programs throughout the world.
Thermal imaging cameras are used for inspections of electrical systems and
components in all sizes and shapes and their use is by no means limited to
large high voltage applications alone.
Electrical cabinets and motor control centers are regularly scanned with
a thermal imaging camera. If left unchecked, heat can rise to a point that
connections melt and break down; as a result, fires may break out.
Besides loose connections, electrical systems suffer from load imbalances,
corrosion, and increases in impedance to current. Thermal inspections can
quickly locate hot spots, determine the severity of the problem, and help
establish the time frame in which the equipment should be repaired.
Examples of failures in low voltage equipment that can be detected with
thermal imaging:
• High resistance connections
• Corroded connections
• Internal fuse damage
• Internal circuit breaker faults
• Poor connections and internal damage
These and other issues can be spotted at an early stage with a thermal
imaging camera. This will help to prevent costly damages and to avoid
dangerous situations.
Whether you intend to use thermal imaging cameras for
low voltage inspections in production plants, office facilities,
hospitals, hotels or domestic residences, FLIR Systems has
exactly the right thermal imaging camera for the job.
References: Flir Systems
The BTU07 is a full featured and low cost BTU meter with Modbus over RS485 capability developed specifically for sub metering applications. The DFSR737A is unique among BTU meters by having the BTU calculator separate from the flow sensor, which allows the flow meter to be installed where it is needed, but with the BTU calculator and display installed anywhere it is convenient for tenant reading. The BTU07 comes as a set together with the flow and temperature sensors.
Energy Metering for Tenant Billing
List Price: $0.00
Our Multi-Circuit Monitor power monitoring system provides a convenient solution for monitoring multiple electrical services which share a common voltage source. It also reports diagnostic information such as power factor, volts, amps, and kVAR, over an RS-485 network using the industry standard Modbus® communication protocol. To protect valuable equipment, it has built-in alarm registers for over- and under-voltage, current, and kVA.
The monitoring capabilities and open systems compatibility of the H8238 make it the ideal power monitoring solution for OEM, tenant submetering applications, and load management of power distribution units commonly used in internet data centers. The meter is a UL508 open type device without enclosure.
APPLICATIONS
Tenant submetering
Real-time power monitoring
Activity-based costing
Managing loads
Monitor power parameters from up to 8 services with one device
Save labor and installation costs by monitoring up to eight 3Ø, (or six 3Ø plus neutral current) loads from a single service with common voltage connections
Eliminates the need to install multiple transducers – fewer components to install…saves time and space
Easy connection to up to 24 industry standard five-amp CTs
Modbus communications for efficient data collection
Improve monitoring system efficiencies by accessing 26 data points per circuit, plus alarms, with one RS-485 drop
Daisy chain up to 30 units on a single drop…easy wiring
Field-selectable address, baud rate, parity and wiring connections…simple configuration
Introduction
Ever since the first commercial thermal imaging camera was
sold in 1965 for high voltage power line inspections, by what
would later become FLIR Systems, the use of thermal imaging
cameras for industrial applications has been an important market
segment for FLIR.
Since then thermal imaging technology has evolved. Thermal
imaging cameras have become compact systems that look just
like a digital video camera or digital photo camera. They are easy
to use and generate crisp real-time high-resolution images.
Thermal imaging technology has become one of the most
valuable diagnostic tools for industrial applications. By detecting
anomalies that are usually invisible to the naked eye, thermal
imaging allows corrective action to be taken before costly
system failures occur.
LC16,LC32,LC48,LC64 -P.M.B.L.P
Powerful Microprocessor-Based Lighting Control Panels
Automated Logic’s Lighting Control (LC) line brings the power and simplicity of WebCTRL® to your building’s lighting systems. The LC line utilizes advanced microprocessors to provide superior lighting control, while delivering the rapid response required by lighting applications.
Zone Controller
Automated Logic’s ZN551 provides unprecedented power and flexibility through fully programmable networked controllers. The ZN551 controllers connect to the Building Automation System (BAS) network using BACnet over ARCNET 156 kbps or MS/TP. The ZN551 supports a line of RS room sensors using Rnet port
Zone Controller
Automated Logic’s ZN253 provides unprecedented power and flexibility through fully programmable networked controllers. The ZN253 controllers connect to the Building Automation System (BAS) network using BACnet over ARCNET 156 kbps or MS/TP. The ZN253 supports a line of RS room sensors using its Rnet port.
Powerful Multi-Equipment Controllers
ME 812U Line – Powerful Multi-Equipment Controllers
The ME812U controllers have the speed, power, memory, and I/O flexibility to handle the most demanding control applications in the industry. Capable of controlling multiple pieces of equipment simultaneously, this robust BACnet controller can support complex control strategies with plenty of memory for trends, and is capable of third party integration using other communication protocols.
Universally Understood Graphical Programming
EIKON-LogicBuilder for WebCTRL is the most advanced graphical programming tool in the industry. With the click of a button, you can build complex control algorithms, diagnose problems, and run real-time or simulated operational data to evaluate the performance of a control sequence. EIKON-LogicBuilder makes it easy to understand control sequences as it does not use cryptic “line by line” computer code.
Key Features and Benefits
Intuitive graphical programming tool eliminates the need for complex programming or cryptic computer code.
Powerful library of microblocks (control functions) provide the flexibility to develop simple and complex control sequences.
Universally understood graphic symbols make control algorithms easy to understand.
Flexible simulation mode enables the user to view the control routines before system installation which simplifies development and troubleshooting.
Live Graphic Function Blocks (GFBs) are a valuable troubleshooting tool that allow system performance to be viewed in real time.
Complete integration with WebCTRL workstation software for seamless facility programming.
Instant project documentation captures development process.
An extensive library of sample GFBs provides pre-engineered solutions to many typical HVAC control applications. They can be used as-is, or easily modified in EIKON to meet special requirements.
Complete compatibility and functionality with BACnet®, ASHRAE’s industry standard protocol, for programming BACnet objects.
Characteristics
Introduction To Building Management Systems
A BMS is most common in a large building. Its core function is to manage the environment within the building and may control temperature, carbon dioxide levels and humidity within a building. As a core function in most BMS systems, it controls heating and cooling, manages the systems that distribute this air throughout the building (for example by operating fans or opening/closing dampers), and then locally controls the mixture of heating and cooling to achieve the desired room temperature. A secondary function sometimes is to monitor the level of human-generated CO2, mixing in outside air with waste air to increase the amount of oxygen while also minimising heat/cooling losses.
Systems linked to a BMS typically represent 40% of a building\\\’s energy usage; if lighting is included, this number approaches 70%. BMS systems are a critical component to managing energy demand. Improperly configured BMS systems are believed to account for 20% of building energy usage, or approximately 8% of total energy usage in the United States.[citation needed]
As well as controlling the building\\\’s internal environment, BMS systems are sometimes linked to access control (turnstiles and access doors controlling who is allowed access and egress to the building) or other security systems such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) and motion detectors. Fire alarm systems and elevators are also sometimes linked to a BMS, for example, if a fire is detected then the system could shut off dampers in the ventilation system to stop smoke spreading and send all the elevators to the ground floor and park them to prevent people from using them in the event of a fire.
Functions of Building Management Systems
The three basic functions of a central, computer-controlled BMS are:
• controlling
• monitoring
• optimizing
the building’s facilities, mechanical, and electrical equipment for comfort, safety, and efficiency.
A BMS normally comprises of:
• Power systems
• Illumination system
• Electric power control system
• Heating,Ventilation and Air-conditioning HVAC System
• Security and observation system
• Magnetic card and access system
• Fire alarm system
• Lifts, elevators etc.
• Plumbing system
• Burglar alarms, CCTV
• Trace Heating
• Other engineering systems
• Home Automation System
• Fire alarm and Safety system
Benefits of BMS
Building tenant/occupants
• Good control of internal comfort conditions
• Possibility of individual room control
• Increased staff productivity
• Effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption
• Improved plant reliability and life
• Effective response to HVAC-related complaints
• Save time and money during the maintenance
Building owner
• Higher rental value
• Flexibility on change of building use
• Individual tenant billing for services facilities manager
• Central or remote control and monitoring of building
• Increased level of comfort and time saving
• Remote Monitoring of the plants (such as AHU\\\’s, Fire pumps, plumbing pumps, Electrical supply, STP, WTP etc.)
Maintenance Companies
• Ease of information availability problem
• Computerized maintenance scheduling
• Effective use of maintenance staff
• Early detection of problems
• More satisfied occupants
References
Wikipedia